gender wage gap conflict theory

The justice of earnings in dual-earner households. Students in social sciences from 27 universities throughout Germany were interviewed via computer-assisted web interviews and computer-assisted self interviews in labs and in the presence of research assistants. Moreover, it was not possible for the respondents to skip vignettes. To investigate how structural differences shape justice perceptions, the following analyses focus on the two population samples. doi: 10.1007/s11211-015-0256-4, Liebig, S., Sauer, C., and Schupp, J. J. Educ. The empirical analyses are based on three factorial survey studies that consist of fictitious full-time employees with varying characteristics, including gender. Globally, the gender pay gap stands at 16 per cent, meaning women workers earn an average of 84 per cent of what men earn. This study investigated justice evaluations of earnings for male and female employees and linked them to actual inequalities. Both studies used the same vignettes. For example, recently, it has become increasingly important to individually negotiate at least parts of one's earnings or other gratifications. Jasso and Wegener (1997) specify that the just reward depends on reward-relevant factors x, their weights and their combination. Be sure that. While students are undoubtedly socialized in a gender-unequal society and gender inequalities also exist at universities, the gender bias based on daily experiences should at least be lower than in other subpopulations. The three surveys were developed and conducted in collaboration with Katrin Auspurg, Thomas Hinz, and Stefan Liebig. Table 8. doi: 10.1177/0049124105283121. Analysis Of Gender Wage Gap From Sociological Perspective Given the assumption that the process can be defined as a gender bias in the referential structure, it is likely that one will find gender gaps in just earnings in evaluators judgments who are themselves embedded in gender-unequal structures, while it is likely that people who experience less gender inequality do not have these biased structures. Produced by Mooj Zadie , Luke Vander Ploeg and Clare Toeniskoetter. Methods 5, 89102. If respondents rated the income as just, they were forwarded to the next vignette. Moreover, in all survey modes, including computer-assisted personal interviews, the respondents self-administered their evaluations of the vignettes. pay We see this take place in many area, however we witness it more in the work place., The theoretical perspective that explains the issue of gender wage gap inequality is the conflict theory. Compared to white, non-Hispanic men, the pay gap for Black women was 38% and 46% for Latinas. doi: 10.1177/1536867X0700700207. 21, 106144. In a subpopulation with resource inequality (equality) between men and women, it is likely that male and female observers will (not) attach a status value to the characteristic gender of the recipient. Annu. Additional analyses with all respondentsnot restricted to employed respondentssimilar to those presented in Table 8 revealed mixed results. J. Sociol. Microeconometrics Using Stata, Vol. Moreover, three out of 81 interviewers had a tenure of one year or less and did not appear on one of the two training days. The gender pay gap in a federal state did not directly affect the justice evaluations. 7. (2012). doi: 10.2307/2095065. The questionnaires consisted of the factorial survey module and additional questions on attitudes (after the factorial survey module) and questions on the socio-demographic background of the parents and students' personal situation. The analysis of full-time employees resembled the findings of the complete population sample. Model 3 indicates that male and female respondents evaluated the vignettes on average to an equal extent as being just or unjust. On the issue of #MeToo would look at the balance of power and how men are much more often in authority positions that allow for such abuse to occur and go unchallenged (this is The results are presented in Table 8. Rossi, P. H., and Anderson, B. The rewards of the generalized other represent the typical earnings of similar people, while the normative evaluation of whether earnings are too high or too low is located in the comparison between the actual outcomes and the referential outcomes. The gender pay gap can be measured in three key ways: by hourly earnings, weekly earnings, and annual income. Empirically, this is the first study that compares student samples and population samples using similar tools to detect gender biases that allow for the testing of differences for the first time. Justice processes: specifying the mediating role of perceptions of distributive justice. The adjusted gender pay gap (under the control of human capital factors and occupation) was approximately 8% (Finke et al., 2017) and remained also relatively stable over the last decade. Note that alternative estimation with maximum-likelihood estimators leads to the same results. 81, 11611189. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eme:ijmpps:01437729910289710.See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.. For technical questions regarding this item, or If this is true, the difference between students and general populations reported in previous studies should still be detectable with more recent data, and the differences should be generalizable to other subpopulations that are prone to higher or lower gender inequality. doi: 10.1086/226706, Jasso, G. (1980). Our history has shown that men want to be in control of everything. In the terminology of Berger et al. Jasso, G. (1978). Statistische Monatshefte Rheinland-Pfalz 6, 440447. Res. Less is sometimes more: consequences of overpayment on job satisfaction and absenteeism. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. On average women are paid 80 cents for every dollar paid to men. If gender has status value in the eyes of the observer, it will be relevant in the justice evaluation process. These results are similar to where the pay gap stood in Norwegian Institute for Social Research (ISF), Norway, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, United States. (2009, 2014). Rev. Evaluations differ between male and female students (p = 0.026) but do not differ in population sample 1 (p = 0.406) and population sample 2 (p = 0.360). WebThe theoretical perspective that explains the issue of gender wage gap inequality is the conflict theory. According to the National Committee on Pay Equity, for every dollar earned by a man, a woman made 78.3 cents in 2013 (Leon-Guerrero, 2016). The respondents were randomly assigned to experimental splits. In the population surveys, both men and women showed a rating behavior favoring male employees. Early to Late 20th Century Feminist Movements, 33. Multiple linear regression of justice evaluations of vignettes on vignette dimensions by sample. Germany is a country in which a significant gender gap in earnings and income persists; therefore, the German population is an example of a structural context of substantial inequality between men and women. Methodenbericht. Thus, the direction and size of a just gender pay gap depends on actual inequalities people experience in their daily lives. WebCorrections. Competition, Meritocracy, and Pay and Tenure Outcomes). Reward-relevant characteristics are those that entitle someone to receive a certain amount of rewards. Women learned from their mothers to be subservient to their husbands, fathers, brothers, and sons and men learned from their mothers and fathers that their wives, mothers, sisters, and daughters must be subservient to them. Conflict between the two groups caused things like the Womens Suffrage Movement and was responsible for social change. Hypothesis 1. Influence of Women - Student Specific Content Learning Outcomes, 32. In 1963 women earned 59 cents for every dollar a man earned. A first version of this paper was presented at the Conference of the American Sociological Association in 2011 in Las Vegas (Regular Session: How Do Organizations Bring Markets Back In? The problem is described in greater detail in Sauer et al. Statistical Software. doi: 10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60108-2, Adriaans, J, Sauer, C., and Wrohlich, K. (2020). Sociol. The feminist and conflict theory apply to the gender wage gap by the feminist stating that men and women should have equal rights. 10, 393430. Technical report, TNS Infratest Sozialforschung, Mnchen. The effect of the gender dimension is highly significant. The vignettes of this study consisted of fictitious employees working full time (40 h per week). The results are very similar to those for the first population sample and are in line with Hypothesis 2. Because the assumption of uncorrelated error terms is violated and standard ordinary least squares (OLS) regression models would be biased (Cameron and Trivedi, 2009), the data were analyzed via multi-level regressions using a generalized least squares (GLS) estimator8. 51, 3046. doi: 10.1177/0003122416683393. The gender gap in pay has remained relatively stable in the United States over the past 20 years or so. Gender pay gap and Conflict Theory.docx - Course Hero If women keep advancing and taking away their jobs, then these men feel insecure and men are inclined to penalize these progressing women., Conflict theory sees society as a dynamic unit constantly changing as a result of competing for scarce resources. University students' perceptions of gender discrimination in the workplace: reality versus fiction. In Germany, the gender differences in earnings have remained persistently high over the last decade (Hobler and Pfahl, 2019) in comparison to other European countries. 2. The Conflict Perspective HUM210 Introduction to Women and

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